Gas burner



July 5, 1949.

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W/LFOQU A. #A55/MEQ :IN/J BY 0770 E. SCHLACHTEA? Patented July 5, 1949 g GAS BURNER Wilford L. Hassmer, Cleveland, and Otto E. Schlachter, Toledo, Ohio, assignors, by mesne assignments, to Affiliated Gas Equipment, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware Application December 22,1945, Serial No.v636,841 s 2 claims. (ci. 158-113) This invention relates to gas burners of the Bunsen type wherein combustion takes place at the open mouth of a tube delivering a mixture of the fuel gas and primary air, Vand a target or spreader is disposed in spaced relation opposite the mouth, for spreading the flame laterally thereof. Such burners have the advantages of simplicity, cheapness and adaptability as has long been well recognized in the art, and are particularly useful in round and square applications such as boilers, hot water heaters, and couver-4 sion burners for adapting reboxes originally designed for solid fuel, to gas fuel.

.The object of the present invention is to improve the operation of such a burner and more particularly' to prolong the combustion and lengthen the name thereof; and as will appear, this is accomplished by stratifying the combined stream beyond the burner, such stream including a confluent sheath of secondary air. Further, the invention embraces a graduated velocity of the component stratications, the stream as a whole having maximum velocity at its center and minimum velocity at its periphery, the velocity at the center being enhanced insofar as possible at the expense of the peripheral velocity. As a result, the spreader, having maximum effect on that portion of the stream `having maximum velocity, may be smaller and more effective than heretofore, and may be disposed to avoid all combustion and consequent oxidation, and closer to the mouth of the tube so that the entire burner is more compact.

Further objects and advantages will appear from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing-s which illustrate pertinent portions of an embodiment of the invention, in conversion burner form, pertinent parts of the apparatus to which the burner is applied appearing in broken lines, and arrows indicating :dow conditions; Fig. 1 being in elevation and Fig. 2 being in plan, both views having parts broken away to show details of typical construction.

With reference now to the drawings, I is a tube the inlet end of which is enlarged for entrance of gas and induced primary air, the tube having a horizontal portion wherein mixing is had and an upturned mouth at its outlet end. Seated on this mouth is an extension 2, carrying as by webs 3 an outer collar member 4 generally spaced therefrom about and adjacent its upper extremity. The member 4 is generally circular but enlarged as indicated, Fig. 2, for accommodation of a pilot 5. A second collar member G is provided about and extending substantially above the mouth of the extension 2 as well as Athe collar 4, generally cylindrical but interrupted to clear the pilot 5 as indicated in Fig. 2. The collar 6 may have support and positioning from the webs 3. It is preferably a casting, as indicated, the side walls of which have taper from a parting line located above its central'horizontal line, and the mouth of the tube extension 2 preferably is somewhat convergentY as indicated, Fig. 1; the relation being such that flow from the mouth of the extension 2 will induce maximum iiow thereabout through the collar 6.

A spreader 'I is disposed beyond and opposite the collar 6 as by means of a stem 8 seating in a suitable boss 9 supported within the extension 2 by means of webs I0.

Supporting arms II extend outwardly from the collar 4 for carrying a radiation shield I2 about the burner and located by the upper portion of the collar 4 acting as a flange about the mouth portion of the tube.

The burner is illustrated as applied to a round boiler or furnace indicated by the broken lines I3, the mouth portion of the burner being disposed in the rebox part and the inlet portion of the burner extending out through the ash door. A secondary air duct I4 is disposed about the inlet part of the burner tube.

Operation will be as follows: Assuming the gas turned on so that a stream A of primary air and gas mixture emerges upwardly from the tube mouth at substantial velocity, mouth part of the tube extension 2 cooperates with the collar 6 to induce a confluent sheath of secondary air about the primary stream A and of somewhat less velocity, as indicated by the arrows B; the stream B flowing through the larger collar 4 as well as the smaller collar 6.

This causes still a third stream in the` form of a coniiuent sheath about the stream B, as indicated by the arrows C, the stream C having but slight velocity.

The spreader 'I deiiects the combined stream of which the primary mixture A forms a core, laterally and'radially into a flattened divergently flowing laminar stream, as indicated by the horizontally directed arrows A, B and C.

Since in the original confluent upwardly flowing stream the innermost portion is the richest and has maximum velocity and the outermost portion is the leanest and has minimum velocity, in the resultant divergentiy flowing laminar stream, the uppermost layer is the richest and the lowermost the leanest. Further. these layers have more nearly unii'orm velocity than the original conuent elements since the innermost portion A in its bending is deflected on a greater radius than the outermost portion C. Still further, the initial velocity of the innermost or A portion of the stream is sufficiently greater than that of the other stream portions that the spreader 1 need not be of greater area than approximately that of the opening within the collar 4. Thus, in the illustrated embodiment,

wherein the spreader 1 is circular, its diameter.

may .be slightly less than that oi the circular part of the collar.

Owing to the induction eiect described resulting vfrom the cooperation between the convergent mouth of the tube extension 2 and the two col` lars 4 and 6, particularly the latter, the relative elevation of the radiation shield I2 is not important or critical. Indeed, in many installations the radiation shield could be omitted so far as air flow is concerned.

We claim:

1. Burner means of the class described comprising a tube arranged for upward endwise discharge of primary ,air-gas mixture, air-controlling means disposed in spaced relation about the end of said tube for surrounding the mixture emerging therefrom with conuent secondary and tertiary air, said air-controlling means including an inner collar arranged with its lower end defining a secondary air opening about said tube end and extending substantially thereabove to provide induced secondary air ow, and an outer collar arranged with its upper end dening a tertiary air opening about the lower end of said inner collar and extending substantially therebelow, and spreader means disposed oppoend of said tube for surrounding the mixture' emerging therefrom with coniiuent secondary and tertiary air, said air-controlling means including an inner collar arranged with its lower end defining a secondary air opening about said tube end and extending substantially thereabove to provide induced secondary air flow, and an outer collar arranged with its upper end deilning a tertiary air opening about the lower end of said inner collar and extending substantially therebelow, and spreader means disposed opposite said tube end above said air-controlling means, said inner collar being formed to provide divergence of its passageway, both upwardly and downwardly from a location above said tube end, for increasing said induced air flow,

l WILFORD L. HASSMER.

OTTO E. SCHLACHTER.

REFERENCES CITED.

The following referenices are of record in the le of this patent:

- UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 547,473 Ball Oct. 8, 1895 1,872,930 Goldborough Aug. 23, 1932 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 51,534 Switzerland June 2, 1910 

